Instantaneous Heart Rate (IHR): Definition, Measurement & Clinical Utility
Instantaneous heart rate (IHR) is the heart rate at a precise moment, expressed in beats per minute (bpm). It fluctuates continuously with autonomic tone.
- Measurement: ECG R-R interval (1/RR × 60), pulse oximetry, arterial line, wearable PPG (Apple Watch, Garmin), manual palpation (15-sec count × 4).
- Influences: activity, stress, medications, temperature, circadian rhythm, pathology.
- Utility: Real-time monitoring in ICU, exercise physiology, arrhythmia detection, HRV analysis.
Distinct from average HR over intervals; captures dynamic autonomic shifts.
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