Diverticulum: Definition, Types, and Clinical Significance

A diverticulum is a sac-like protrusion of the intestinal wall. Key points:

Types

• Colonic diverticula (most common): Pseudodiverticula—mucosa/herniates through muscular layer at vascular penetration sites. Associated with low-fiber diet, aging.
• Small bowel diverticula: Less common; may be congenital (Meckel's) or acquired.

Related Conditions

• Diverticulosis: Presence of diverticula, usually asymptomatic.
• Diverticulitis: Inflammation/infection of diverticula → LLQ pain, fever, leukocytosis. Can complicate with abscess, perforation, fistula, obstruction.
• Diverticular bleeding: Painless hematochezia from eroded artery at diverticulum neck.

Management

• High-fiber diet, hydration for diverticulosis.
• Antibiotics ± drainage for uncomplicated diverticulitis.
• Surgery for recurrent/complicated cases.