What is a summary of diabetes?

Diabetes mellitus, often called diabetes, is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by high blood glucose levels that result from defects in insulin production, insulin action, or both.

The two main types of diabetes are type 1 and type 2.

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the body's immune system attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. People with type 1 diabetes need to take insulin injections or use an insulin pump to control their blood sugar levels.

Type 2 diabetes is a chronic condition in which the body does not produce enough insulin or does not use insulin well. Type 2 diabetes is often associated with obesity, physical inactivity, and a family history of diabetes.

Symptoms of diabetes include frequent urination, increased thirst, hunger, weight loss, fatigue, blurred vision, slow-healing sores, and tingling or numbness in the hands and feet.

Treatment for diabetes typically involves diet, exercise, oral medications, and/or insulin therapy. The goal of treatment is to keep blood sugar levels within a healthy range to prevent complications such as heart disease, stroke, blindness, kidney disease, and amputation.

Diabetes can be managed, but it is a lifelong condition. People with diabetes need to work with their doctor, dietitian, and other health care professionals to develop a treatment plan that meets their individual needs.

Complications of diabetes can include heart disease, stroke, kidney disease, vision loss, nerve damage, and skin problems.

Preventing diabetes includes eating a healthy diet, exercising regularly, maintaining a healthy weight, and getting enough sleep.