Understanding Diabetes: Causes, Types & Impact

Around 23.6 million people in the United States have some form of diabetes, according to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Researchers have not yet pinpointed an exact cause of diabetes. But environmental and genetic causes may be the blame for the development.

Types

• A metabolism disorder, diabetes occurs when the body cannot metabolize glucose properly, either because the body doesn't produce enough insulin (Type I diabetes) or the body doesn't effectively use the insulin it does produce.

Symptoms

• Type II diabetes is sometimes asymptomatic. Type I and type II diabetes symptoms may include excessive thirst, hunger, fatigue, weight loss and poor wound healing.

Treatment, Type I Diabetes

• People with type I diabetes must treat their condition with insulin. Exercise and healthy meals also aid in treatment.

Treatment, Type II Diabetes

• Type II diabetes is treated with lifestyle changes like a well-balanced diet, exercise, and glucose controlling oral medications like repaglinide (Prandin) and glipizide (Glucotrol). Insulin may be needed in people with type II diabetes who don't respond to lifestyle changes.

Warning

• Untreated diabetes can lead to blindness, stroke, kidney problems and nerve damage.