Understanding Bipolar Disorder: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

Manic depression, also known as bipolar disorder, is a psychiatric illness that is classified as a mood disorder. Left untreated, the disorder can worsen and severely disrupt the life of the bipolar person. Characterized by extreme mood swings, manic depression is a manageable condition with proper treatment.

Causes

• There is no single documented cause for manic depression. It is speculated that genetics and imbalanced brain chemistry play pivotal roles in its development.

Symptoms

• Symptoms of mania include increased self-esteem and energy, reckless behavior and poor judgment. Behaviors such as poor hygiene, crying spells, irritability and persistent sadness are indicative of a depressive episode. Cycling between the two extremes of mood can be gradual or rapid. Experiencing both extremes of mood simultaneously is known as a mixed episode.

Psychosis

• Extreme highs and lows can result in psychotic symptoms, including hallucinations, delusions, grandiose ideas and feelings of persecution.

Impact

• The highs and lows of mood can have a detrimental impact on personal, social, familial and professional relationships. Job loss, financial issues and interpersonal troubles are often experienced.

Treatment

• Mood-stabilizing medications and psychotherapy are commonly used to treat manic depression. In severe cases, in-patient or residential treatment may be necessary.