Chlamydia Transmission: Not Genetic, Only Through Sexual Contact or Birth

Chlamydia trachomatis is an obligate intracellular bacterium transmitted exclusively through:

• Unprotected vaginal, anal, or oral sex with an infected partner.
• Vertical transmission during childbirth (neonatal conjunctivitis, pneumonia).

There is no genetic inheritance and no “carrier state” in the genetic sense. Asymptomatic infection is common (70–80% of women, 50% of men), facilitating silent spread. Screening (NAAT on urine/swabs) and prompt treatment (azithromycin or doxycycline) with partner notification are public health priorities.