Understanding Second-Degree Burns: Severity and Healing

Second-degree burns are more severe than first-degree burns because they extend beyond the epidermis (outermost layer of the skin) and into at least a portion of the dermis, the layer of skin just beneath the epidermis. They appear red and blistered, and as such are also referred to as blister burns.

- Epidermis: It is the protective outer layer of skin that acts as a barrier. While it has no blood supply, it contains the protein keratin, which is water resistant.

- Dermis: It is the thicker layer of skin beneath the epidermis. This network of living tissue contains blood vessels, hair follicles, glands, and nerve endings.

As a second degree burn damages the dermis, it involves:

- Increased inflammation because of damage to the blood vessels in the dermis

- Intense Pain: the nerve endings in the dermis are highly sensitive to pain, so a second degree burn feels much more painful.

- Increased Risk of Infection: Since they break the skin, blisters can be portals of entry for viruses, bacteria, and other microorganisms.

- Longer Healing Times: Depending on their severity, it may take up to 8 weeks for second degree burns to heal.

- Scarring: They result in skin discoloration, scar tissue, and potential loss of skin texture and elasticity.