How can someone faint?

Vasovagal reflex (also known as vasodepressor syncope): Occurs when your body's vagus nerve is triggered, which leads to a sudden dip in heart rate and blood pressure, causing you to lose consciousness. Common triggers include sudden extreme heat, standing for long periods, dehydration, and severe emotional distress.

Neurocardiogenic syncope (NCS) is less common and happens when the signals between your heart and brain aren't properly coordinated, leading to a temporary decrease in blood flow to the brain. This type can be caused by certain medications, neurological disorders, or certain medical conditions.

Situational syncope: refers to fainting that's related to a specific situation or activity, such as coughing, swallowing, or going to the bathroom.

Cardiac syncope is a type of fainting caused by heart problems, such as abnormal heart rhythms, valve disorders, or heart attacks.

Blood pressure conditions: Blood pressure that is too low (hypotension) or too high (hypertension) can both lead to fainting spells.

Neurological disorders: Neurological disorders, such as epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, or multiple sclerosis, can disrupt signals in your brain that control blood pressure and heart rate, leading to fainting.

Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) can also cause fainting.

Dehydration is another common cause of fainting. When you are dehydrated, your body does not have enough fluids to maintain proper blood pressure and circulation.

Electrolyte imbalances, such as low sodium or low potassium levels, can also cause fainting.