Simple Fracture: Signs, Symptoms, and Immediate Actions

A simple (closed) fracture is a broken bone without skin penetration. Key signs and symptoms:

• Pain at fracture site (worsens with movement/pressure).
• Swelling, bruising (ecchymosis).
• Deformity, angulation, or shortening of limb.
• Tenderness, warmth over site.
• Crepitus (grating sensation on movement).
• Inability to bear weight or use limb normally.
• Pallor, coolness distal to fracture (vascular compromise).
• Numbness/tingling (nerve injury).
• Absent distal pulses (emergency).

Immediate Steps

1. Immobilize the limb (splint if trained).
2. Apply ice (wrapped) to reduce swelling.
3. Elevate if possible.
4. Seek emergency care — do not attempt to realign.

Diagnosis confirmed by X-ray. Treatment: reduction (if displaced), casting/splinting, sometimes surgery. Follow-up ensures proper healing.