What Are the Risk Factors for DVT & PE?

Deep vein thrombosis, or DVT, and pulmonary embolism, or PE, are related conditions caused by blood clots. DVT usually occurs first, and it might lead to PE if undiagnosed or left untreated. The risk factors for DVT and PE are similar. If you suspect DVT or PE, see a physician immediately.

Meaning

• DVT is the formation of clots in blood vessels, typically in the legs. If a clot breaks free and lodges in the heart or lungs, a pulmonary embolism (clot) results. PE is dangerous and might cause a stroke, heart attack or death.

Symptoms

• Symptoms of DVT include swelling in the area, pain, cramping and tenderness. Shortness of breath, chest pain, coughing, or coughing up blood are signs of PE.

Genetic Causes

• Hereditary risk factors of DVT and PE include various blood clotting disorders such as factor V Leiden. These disorders cause blood to clot too readily.

Surgery as a Risk Factor

• Major surgery is a common risk factor for DVT and PE. Bed rest after surgery, and the body's natural clotting process, can cause DVT.

Other Risk Factors

• Other risk factors for DVT and PE include hormonal changes during and after pregnancy, sitting still for long periods of time, cancer, smoking, hormone replacement therapy or HRT, trauma, heart attack, stroke and obesity.

Treatment

• DVT and PE are treated with blood-thinning and clot-busting medications such as low-dose heparin (Lovenox) and warfarin (Coumadin).