Schwann Cells: Myelin Formation, Nerve Repair, and Peripheral Nervous System Function

Schwann cells are glial cells that wrap peripheral axons, forming myelin sheaths that insulate axons and accelerate nerve impulse conduction. Derived from neural crest, they migrate to the peripheral nervous system and spiral around axons, producing multilayered myelin. Nodes of Ranvier (gaps in myelin) enable saltatory conduction.

Schwann cells also aid nerve repair by secreting growth factors and providing scaffolds for regenerating axons. They are essential for peripheral nerve function and regeneration.