Aortic Tear (Dissection): Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

An aortic tear (dissection) is a serious condition where a tear in the aorta's inner layer allows blood to flow between wall layers, creating a false channel. This weakens the aorta, risking bulge or rupture.

Aortic Anatomy

The aorta carries oxygen-rich blood from the left ventricle through chest and abdomen.

Types

• Type A: Involves ascending aorta (from heart to aortic arch). More severe, higher complication risk.
• Type B: Involves descending aorta (arch to abdomen). Generally less severe.

Causes

• Atherosclerosis (plaque buildup weakens wall)
• Hypertension (chronic high pressure strains wall)
• Connective tissue disorders (Marfan, Ehlers-Danlos syndromes)
• Aging (natural weakening)

Symptoms

• Sudden severe chest/back pain
• Pain radiating to neck, arms, abdomen
• Shortness of breath
• Difficulty swallowing
• Hoarseness
• Fainting/loss of consciousness

Diagnosis & Treatment

Diagnosed via symptoms, history, exam, imaging, blood tests. Requires emergency care, typically surgery to repair tear and prevent complications.

Seek immediate medical attention for any suggestive symptoms.