Pleural Effusion: Causes and Symptoms - Medical Quiz Format
This article appears to be a quiz question fragment. The correct answer is A. Pleural effusion.
Pleural Effusion Overview
Pleural effusion is abnormal fluid accumulation in the pleural space. Common causes:
- Transudate (low protein): Heart failure, cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome
- Exudate (high protein): Pneumonia, malignancy, TB, pulmonary embolism, autoimmune disease
Key Symptoms
- Dyspnea (most common)
- Pleuritic chest pain
- Dry cough
- Dullness to percussion, decreased breath sounds
Differentiation from Other Conditions
- B. Pneumonia: Consolidation, fever, productive cough; can cause parapneumonic effusion
- C. Pulmonary embolism: Sudden dyspnea, tachycardia, hypoxia; may cause hemorrhagic effusion
- D. Asthma: Wheezing, reversible obstruction; no effusion
Diagnostic thoracentesis with Light's criteria distinguishes transudate vs. exudate.
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