Understanding Aging & the Stages of Death: Psychological Perspectives
Biological Theories of Aging
- Cellular aging: Gradual cell deterioration from division damage.
- Telomere shortening: Protective chromosome caps erode with each division, triggering cell death.
- DNA damage: Accumulated environmental damage (free radicals, radiation); repair mechanisms decline.
- Oxidative stress: ROS from metabolism damage cells/DNA; linked to aging and age-related diseases.
Psychological Theories of Aging
- Disengagement theory: Older adults withdraw from social roles to conserve energy.
- Activity theory: Continued engagement promotes successful aging.
- Selective Optimization with Compensation (SOC): Focus on optimizing remaining abilities, compensating for losses.
Social Theories of Aging
- Social stratification: Socioeconomic, racial, gender inequalities shape aging experiences.
- Ageism: Negative age-based attitudes lead to isolation, reduced opportunities.
Stages of Death and Dying (Kübler-Ross Model)
- Denial
- Anger
- Bargaining
- Depression
- Acceptance
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