Alzheimer’s Disease Medications: Approved Treatments & Emerging Therapies (2024 Update)

Alzheimer’s disease remains incurable, but the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved several medicines that can lessen or slow cognitive symptoms such as memory loss and impaired reasoning.

The following agents are the most frequently prescribed for symptom management. Their benefit varies between individuals, and, as the disease progresses, the therapeutic effect may wane.

• Aducanumab: A monoclonal antibody that targets beta‑amyloid plaques—abnormal protein deposits that interfere with neuronal communication.
• Donepezil (Aricept): Approved for mild to severe Alzheimer’s; available as a tablet or orally disintegrating tablet.
• Galantamine (Razadyne): Used for mild to moderate disease; offered as a tablet, extended‑release capsule, or oral solution.
• Memantine (Namenda): Often combined with a cholinesterase inhibitor (e.g., Aricept, Exelon, Razadyne) for moderate to severe cases; provided as a tablet, extended‑release capsule, or oral solution.
• Rivastigmine (Exelon): Suitable for mild to moderate Alzheimer’s; supplied as capsules or a once‑daily transdermal patch.
• Memantine extended‑release + Donepezil (Namzaric): A fixed‑dose capsule for patients already tolerating donepezil; it addresses symptoms of moderate to severe disease but does not modify the underlying pathology.

Research into Alzheimer’s therapies is accelerating. As of 2024, 164 clinical trials are underway, evaluating 127 distinct investigational compounds.

One of the most promising candidates is intranasal insulin. The “Study of Nasal Insulin in the Fight Against Forgetfulness” (SNIFF) trial is assessing whether a nasal insulin spray can improve memory in individuals with mild cognitive impairment or early Alzheimer’s. A 2023 systematic review also highlighted potential cognitive benefits of intranasal insulin.

Facing an Alzheimer’s diagnosis can be overwhelming, but understanding medication options empowers patients and families.

Before your next appointment, consider preparing questions such as:

• Which current or upcoming medications do you recommend, and what symptom changes should I anticipate?
• What side‑effects are most common, and when should I contact you?
• Are there any clinical trials that might be appropriate for me?
• Beyond drugs, what lifestyle modifications can help slow disease progression?

Your healthcare provider can tailor a treatment plan, keep you informed about emerging drugs, and help you navigate the evolving landscape of Alzheimer’s therapeutics.