Why do we get altitude sickness?

Altitude sickness, also known as acute mountain sickness (AMS), occurs when people rapidly ascend to high elevations, typically above 2,500 meters (8,000 feet), where there is a significant decrease in atmospheric pressure and oxygen levels. Here's why we experience altitude sickness:

Low Oxygen Levels:

At higher altitudes, the air is thinner, and there is less oxygen available for our lungs to absorb. This low oxygen concentration puts stress on our bodies and can lead to a range of symptoms associated with altitude sickness.

Hypoxia:

The reduced oxygen levels at high altitudes can lead to hypoxia, which is a condition where tissues and organs in the body receive insufficient oxygen. Hypoxia can affect various body systems and contribute to the symptoms of altitude sickness.

Increased Breathing and Heart Rate:

The body responds to low oxygen levels by increasing its respiratory and heart rates to compensate for the decreased oxygen supply. This can result in shortness of breath, palpitations, and an increased resting heart rate.

Fluid Accumulation:

High altitudes can cause fluid to leak from the blood vessels into the surrounding tissues, leading to swelling in the hands, feet, face, and ankles. This fluid shift can also contribute to headaches and other symptoms of altitude sickness.

Altitude-Related Cerebral Edema:

In some cases, severe altitude sickness can lead to high-altitude cerebral edema (HACE), where there is excess fluid accumulation in the brain. HACE is a serious condition that requires immediate medical attention and descent to lower altitudes.

Variation in Individual Susceptibility:

Some individuals are more susceptible to altitude sickness than others. Factors like genetics, age, fitness level, and previous acclimatization experiences can all play a role in determining an individual's susceptibility.

It's important to note that altitude sickness is usually a temporary condition that can be managed by gradual ascent, rest, proper hydration, and over-the-counter medications for symptom relief. However, if symptoms are severe or persist for more than a couple of days, it is essential to descend to lower altitudes and seek medical attention.