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What Is a PCN Allergy?

Penicillin allergy, commonly referred to as PCN or PEN allergy, is a common medication allergy. Penicillin is the most common antibiotic prescribed for bacterial infections. According to Mayo Clinic, ̶0;Penicillin allergy is an overreaction by your immune system to penicillin and related antibiotics.̶1;

  1. Mild Reaction

    • An allergic reaction to penicillin can produce mild to life-threatening symptoms. Symptoms of a mild reaction include itchy skin, hives and angioedema (swelling of the lips, face or tongue), according to Mayo Clinic.

    Life-Threatening Reaction

    • An anaphylactic (life-threatening) reaction typically develops within minutes of penicillin exposure. Mayo Clinic notes that the symptoms of a life-threatening reaction to penicillin include difficulty breathing, wheezing, dizziness, low blood pressure and swelling of the throat.

    Risk

    • You may be at higher risk for penicillin allergy if you have been diagnosed as having HIV or cystic fibrosis.

    Diagnosis

    • Diagnosis of penicillin allergy is typically determined by your healthcare provider, who may administer a skin test. A skin test consists of injecting penicillin into an individual and watching for signs of a penicillin reaction.

    Treatment

    • Treatment for penicillin anaphylaxis includes an injection of adrenaline. According to Medline Plus, epinephrine (adrenaline) helps maintain your vital signs and regulate your breathing. For a mild reaction, such as hives, an antihistamine may be recommended.

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