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Epidermis Cell Types: A Comprehensive Guide to Skin Structure
The epidermis contains five key cell types:
- Keratinocytes (~90%): Produce keratin for strength and waterproofing. Organized in layers: stratum basale (deep) to stratum corneum (surface).
- Melanocytes: Produce melanin for UV protection and skin color; located in stratum basale, transfer pigment to keratinocytes.
- Langerhans cells: Dendritic immune cells; antigen presentation, immune surveillance.
- Merkel cells: Mechanoreceptors in stratum basale; detect touch, pressure, vibration.
- Basal stem cells: In stratum basale; continuously divide to renew epidermis.
These cells collaborate for barrier function, immune defense, sensation, and structural integrity.
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