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Sunburn Risk Factors: UV Exposure, Skin Type, Behavior & Prevention
Sunburn = UV-induced DNA damage (cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers) → inflammation, apoptosis. Key risks:
- UV intensity: peak 10 AM–4 PM; altitude ↑, latitude ↓, reflection (snow 80%, sand 15%, water).
- Skin phototype: Fitzpatrick I–II (fair, freckles, burn easily) highest risk.
- Behavior: outdoor occupation/recreation, no sunscreen, inadequate SPF (<30), missed reapplication (q2h, post-swim).
- Photosensitizers: tetracyclines, thiazides, sulfonamides, retinoids, OCPs, St. John's wort.
- Immune conditions: lupus, PMLE, porphyria.
Prevention: Broad-spectrum SPF 30+, UPF clothing, shade, sunglasses, avoid tanning beds. Childhood burns double melanoma risk.
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