Radiation Caries: Understanding and Prevention

Radiation caries refer to the dental damage and decay that occur as a result of radiation therapy to the head and neck area for the treatment of various diseases, primarily concerning the salivary glands or structures within the oral cavity. This form of caries develops due to altered salivary function and the side effects of radiation therapy.

Radiation therapy can severely impact the salivary glands and cause a condition known as xerostomia or dry mouth. Saliva plays a vital role in maintaining oral health; it aids in swallowing, lubricating the mouth and teeth, neutralizing harmful acids in the mouth, and protecting against bacterial overgrowth. When radiation affects salivary function, the natural protection provided by saliva is diminished, leading to an increased risk of tooth decay.

Patients undergoing radiation therapy should take extra care to maintain good oral hygiene and follow specific dental recommendations provided by their healthcare team.