How much lead is needed to block x rays?

The amount of lead needed to block X-rays depends on the energy of the X-rays and the desired level of attenuation. For example, to reduce the intensity of a 10 keV X-ray beam by a factor of 10, approximately 0.1 mm of lead is required. For a 100 keV X-ray beam, approximately 1 mm of lead is required for a reduction factor of 10. As a general rule, the thickness of lead required is proportional to the energy of the X-rays.

However, it is important to note that the thickness of lead required will vary depending on the specific application and the desired level of protection. For safety applications such as medical imaging and radiation therapy, thicker lead shielding is typically used to minimize the exposure to X-rays and ensure the safety of both patients and workers.