Cytotec (Misoprostol): Uses, Side Effects & Critical Safety Information

Cytotec (misoprostol) is a synthetic prostaglandin E₁ analog with multiple obstetric and GI uses.

FDA-Approved Indications

• Prevention of NSAID-induced gastric ulcers
• Medical abortion (with mifepristone) up to 70 days gestation
• Cervical ripening / labor induction (off-label but standard)
• Postpartum hemorrhage prevention/treatment (off-label, WHO essential medicine)

Common Side Effects (Dose-Dependent)

• GI: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal cramps
• Uterine: Contractions, vaginal bleeding
• Systemic: Fever, chills, headache, dizziness, flushing

Serious / Rare Adverse Events

• Uterine rupture (especially with prior uterine surgery)
• Amniotic fluid embolism
• Severe hemorrhage / DIC
• Cardiovascular: MI, stroke, arrhythmia
• Allergic reactions / anaphylaxis

Contraindications & Cautions

• Contraindicated: Confirmed/suspected ectopic pregnancy, unexplained vaginal bleeding, IUD in situ (for abortion), hypersensitivity.
• Caution: Asthma, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, renal/hepatic impairment, seizure disorder, inflammatory bowel disease.

⚠️ Critical Safety Note

Misoprostol is a high-alert medication. Use only under qualified medical supervision with appropriate monitoring. Self-managed use without clinical guidance carries significant risk.