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Biological Cancer Treatments: Harnessing the Immune System
Biological (immunotherapy) cancer treatments leverage the immune system to target malignancies.
Main Approaches
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors: Block inhibitory proteins (PD-1, CTLA-4), unleashing T cells against tumors.
- Adoptive cell therapy (CAR-T): Patient's T cells are engineered to recognize cancer, expanded, and reinfused.
- Monoclonal antibodies: Target tumor-specific antigens; can deliver radiation/chemo directly or block tumor angiogenesis.
Progress and Challenges
Successes in melanoma, lung cancer, lymphoma. Side effects include fatigue, rash, fever, and immune-related adverse events. Long-term efficacy and safety remain under study.
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