Understanding Brain Cells: Types and Functions of Neurons and Glia

Brain cells (neurons and glia) have specialized roles:

1. Neurons: Primary functional units; receive, process, transmit signals via dendrites, soma, axon.
2. Astrocytes: Most abundant glia; support neurons, maintain blood-brain barrier, regulate chemical environment.
3. Oligodendrocytes: CNS myelin sheath formation for faster signal transmission.
4. Microglia: Resident immune cells; monitor, engulf debris/pathogens.
5. Ependymal Cells: Line ventricles; produce cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
6. Bergmann Glia: Cerebellar glia; support Purkinje cells, guide neuronal migration.
7. Schwann Cells: PNS myelin sheath formation.

The brain's cellular complexity continues to be explored.