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Malaria Vaccine Status: RTS,S/AS01 (Mosquirix) and R21/Matrix-M
As of 2024, two malaria vaccines have WHO recommendation:
- RTS,S/AS01 (Mosquirix): Targets P. falciparum circumsporozoite protein. 4-dose schedule (5, 6, 7 months + booster ~18 months). ~30–40% efficacy against clinical malaria in children. Rolled out in Ghana, Kenya, Malawi (2019+); expanding.
- R21/Matrix-M: Similar target, higher efficacy (~75% in seasonal settings with booster). WHO prequalified Dec 2023; rollout beginning 2024 in Africa.
Current Prevention
- Chemoprophylaxis for travelers (atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, mefloquine).
- Insecticide-treated nets (ITNs), indoor residual spraying (IRS).
- Seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) for children in Sahel.
Vaccines complement—do not replace—vector control and chemoprevention. No vaccine for P. vivax yet.
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