Pneumonic Plague: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

Pneumonic plague is a severe, rapidly progressive lung infection caused by Yersinia pestis. It is the most virulent form of plague and can spread person-to-person via respiratory droplets.

Symptoms

• Fever and chills
• Cough (often with bloody or frothy sputum)
• Shortness of breath, chest pain
• Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
• Headache, weakness, confusion
• Seizures, shock (in advanced cases)

Treatment

Immediate hospitalization and intravenous antibiotics (streptomycin, gentamicin, doxycycline, or ciprofloxacin) are critical. Early treatment dramatically improves survival. Post-exposure prophylaxis for close contacts is recommended.

Pneumonic plague is a medical emergency and a public health threat.