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Itching (Pruritus): Common Causes and When to See a Doctor
Frequent Causes
- Xerosis (dry skin): Most common, especially in winter/elderly.
- Insect bites/stings: Local histamine reaction.
- Allergic/contact dermatitis: Eczema, hives, nickel, fragrance.
- Infections: Fungal (tinea), bacterial (impetigo), viral (varicella).
- Systemic disease: Cholestasis, uremia, thyroid disorders, lymphoma, iron deficiency.
- Medications: Opioids, ACE inhibitors, statins.
- Neuropathic: Brachioradial pruritus, notalgia paresthetica.
Red Flags
Generalized itch without rash, weight loss, night sweats, jaundice, or lymphadenopathy → urgent evaluation.
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