| Broad-spectrum sunscreen SPF 50+ | Prevents sunburn in depigmented skin; reduces Koebner from UV damage; minimizes contrast | Does not repigment; essential daily |
| Camouflage makeup (Dermablend, Covermark, Microskin) | Immediate cosmetic improvement; waterproof options | Temporary; requires skill; not treatment |
| Self-tanners (DHA-based) | Temporarily darkens patches to match surrounding skin | Streaking; fades in days; no effect on melanocytes |
| Topical hydrocortisone 1% | Mild anti-inflammatory; may help very early, thin lesions | Low potency; ineffective for established patches; atrophy risk with chronic facial use |
| Vitamin B12 (oral/sublingual) | Case reports of benefit if deficiency present | No RCT evidence; only if deficient |
| Ginkgo biloba 40–80 mg TID (standardized) | Antioxidant, immunomodulatory; small RCTs show modest benefit | Variable quality; interacts with anticoagulants; not FDA-approved for vitiligo |
| Polypodium leucotomos extract (240–480 mg/day) | Photoprotective, antioxidant; adjunct to NB-UVB in small studies | Supplement, not drug; limited data |
| Turmeric/curcumin, green tea (EGCG) | Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory in vitro | No clinical trial data for vitiligo |
