Umbilical Cord: Function, Structure & Development

The umbilical cord is a rope-like structure that connects the developing fetus to the placenta. It is about 50-70 cm long and contains three blood vessels:

- Two arteries: carry oxygen-poor blood from the fetus to the placenta

- One vein: carries oxygen-rich blood from the placenta to the fetus

The umbilical cord also contains Wharton's jelly, a gelatinous substance that protects the blood vessels.

The umbilical cord is important because it provides the fetus with oxygen and nutrients, and removes waste products. It also allows the exchange of gases between the fetus and the mother.

After the baby is born, the umbilical cord is clamped and cut. The stump of the cord will dry up and fall off within a few weeks.