MD vs. DO: Key Differences in Training, Philosophy, and Practice

Training

• MD: Traditional medical schools; 4 years pre-med + 4 years med school. Focus on scientific basis of disease.
• DO: Osteopathic medical schools; similar curriculum plus osteopathic manipulative medicine (OMM)—holistic focus on musculoskeletal system.

Philosophy of Care

• MD: Evidence-based, traditional approach.
• DO: Holistic, whole-person approach; may integrate OMM with conventional treatment.

Scope of Practice

Both are licensed in all 50 states to prescribe medication, perform surgery, order tests. DOs additionally can use OMM.

Education & Licensing

• MD: 4-year program; pass USMLE.
• DO: 4-year program + OMM; pass COMLEX-USA.

Residency & Board Certification

• MD: 3–7 year residency; board certification via ABMS.
• DO: 3–7 year residency in osteopathic specialty; board certification via AOA.

Summary: Both provide comprehensive medical care. The main distinction is DO training in osteopathic manipulative medicine.