Debunking Neuron Myths: Do Neurons Transmit Electrochemical Signals?

Yes, neurons do transmit electrochemical signals. The statement “Neurons do not transmit electrochemical signals” is false.

How Neuronal Signaling Works

1. Resting potential: ~-70 mV (inside negative) maintained by Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase and leak channels.
2. Action potential: Depolarization opens voltage-gated Na⁺ channels → Na⁺ influx → rapid rise to +30 mV. Then K⁺ efflux repolarizes the membrane.
3. Propagation: Action potential travels down the axon (myelinated: saltatory conduction at nodes of Ranvier).
4. Synaptic transmission: Depolarization opens Ca²⁺ channels → vesicle fusion → neurotransmitter release → binds receptors on next cell (neuron, muscle, gland).

This electrochemical process underlies all nervous system function: sensation, movement, cognition, emotion.