Scoliosis: Understanding Spinal Curvature, Causes & Treatment

Scoliosis is a lateral (sideways) curvature of the spine ≥10° (Cobb angle), often with vertebral rotation. It affects 2–3% of adolescents.

Classification

• Idiopathic (80%): No known cause; adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) most common.
• Congenital: Vertebral malformations present at birth.
• Neuromuscular: Secondary to cerebral palsy, muscular dystrophy, etc.
• Degenerative: Adult-onset from disc/joint degeneration.

Severity & Management

Cobb Angle	Severity	Typical Management
10°–25°	Mild	Observation, physical therapy, bracing if progressing
25°–40°	Moderate	Bracing (if growing), PT, monitoring
>40°–50°	Severe	Surgical correction (spinal fusion) often indicated

Key Points

• Genetic predisposition + environmental factors likely contribute.
• Screening (Adam's forward bend test) during growth spurts.
• Early detection improves brace efficacy.
• Most curves do not require surgery.