Hypospadias: Classification, Associated Anomalies, and Surgical Repair

Hypospadias is a congenital urethral anomaly where the meatus opens on the ventral penile shaft rather than the glans tip.

Severity Classification

• Glanular/subcoronal – distal, mild.
• Midshaft – mid-penile.
• Penoscrotal/perineal – proximal, severe.

Associated Anomalies

• Chordee (ventral curvature)
• Bifid scrotum
• Cryptorchidism
• Inguinal hernia

Management

Surgical correction (urethroplasty) typically at 6–18 months. Goals: orthotopic meatus, straight penis, cosmetic appearance. Complex cases may require staged procedures.