Biotin: Benefits, Metabolism, and Historical Discovery

Biotin aids in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins. Through its involvement in each of these biological processes, biotin plays a key role in keeping the body fueled with energy.

Significance

• Biotin is a B vitamin that acts as a coenzyme in many metabolic processes. It is necessary for the formation of fatty acids and glucose as well as the conversion of amino acids into blood sugar for energy.

History

• Biotin was originally discovered in the late 1930s while researching dietary needs of chickens. Researchers were able to determine that a glycoprotein called avidin that is present in eggs can bind with biotin and prevent absorption.

Sources of Biotin

• Biotin can be found naturally in foods including liver, cauliflower, salmon, bananas, egg yolks, carrots, legumes and mushrooms. It is also found in brewer's and nutritional yeast.

Biotin Deficiency

• Since the daily requirements for biotin are small, biological deficiency is rare. Frequent consumption of raw eggs or alcohol can result in biotin deficiencies.

Symptoms

• Biotin deficiency can lead to hair loss, skin rash, high cholesterol and other cardiovascular problems. Metabolic complications including low blood sugar, high amounts of ammonia in the blood and acidosis can occur.

Other Factors leading to Biotin Deficiency

• Intestinal problems can lead to biotin deficiency if an imbalance of intestinal bacteria exists. A diet that lacks intake of biotin-containing foods can also be a factor in biotin deficiency, although this is not common.

Uses for Biotin Supplements

• Supplements can be used for genetic disposition to biotin deficiencies, surgical removal of the stomach or cradle cap (seborrheic dermatitis). Little evidence exists that biotin is effective in the treatment of acne, eczema or hair loss.