Centrifuge Operation: Principles, Steps, and Applications

A centrifuge uses centrifugal force to separate components by density. Standard workflow:

1. Preparation

• Balance tubes symmetrically in rotor to prevent vibration.
• Load samples into appropriate centrifuge tubes.
• Place tubes in rotor.

2. Operation

• Secure lid; select speed (rpm) and time.
• Rotor spins (hundreds to tens of thousands rpm).
• Denser components sediment to tube bottom; lighter components remain above.

3. Separation and Collection

• After run, allow rotor to stop completely.
• Remove tubes; collect supernatant (liquid) or pellet (sediment) as needed.

4. Maintenance

• Clean rotor chamber after each use.
• Regular lubrication and inspection per manufacturer guidelines.

Applications

Medical diagnostics, biotechnology, chemistry, environmental testing, food processing, and more. Various rotor types (fixed-angle, swing-bucket) suit different protocols.