Ruptured Eardrum First Aid: What to Do & When to See a Doctor

A ruptured (perforated) eardrum often heals on its own, but proper care prevents complications. Follow these steps:

Immediate Actions

• Stay calm: Most ruptures are not emergencies.
• Do NOT insert anything: No cotton swabs, tissues, ear drops, or oils—these can worsen damage or introduce infection.
• Keep the ear dry: Use a waterproof earplug or cotton ball coated with petroleum jelly during showers.
• Cold compress: Apply a cloth-wrapped ice pack to the outer ear for 10–15 minutes to reduce pain/swelling.
• Pain relief: OTC acetaminophen or ibuprofen as needed.
• Avoid pressure changes: No flying, scuba diving, nose-blowing, or forceful sneezing (sneeze with mouth open).
• Avoid loud noises: Protect the ear from further trauma.

When to See a Doctor (Within 24–48 Hours)

• Severe pain, dizziness, or vertigo
• Hearing loss or persistent ringing (tinnitus)
• Fluid drainage (clear, bloody, or pus)
• Symptoms worsen or don’t improve in 2 days
• History of ear surgery or recurrent infections

Medical Treatment May Include

• Antibiotic ear drops (if infection risk)
• Patch test or paper patch to support healing
• Referral to ENT if not healed in 6–8 weeks

Most small perforations heal within weeks. Follow up to confirm closure and hearing recovery.