Understanding Earwax (Cerumen): Function, Benefits & Buildup

Earwax, also known as cerumen, is a waxy substance that is produced in the ear canal to protect the ear from damage. It has a range of functions, including:

Preventing water from entering the ear canal and causing infections

Trapping dirt and dust from entering the ear canal

Protecting the eardrum from damage

Preventing bacteria and fungi from growing in the ear canal

Earwax can accumulate over time, and, in some cases, can become too thick and cause a blockage in the ear canal. This can cause a range of symptoms, including hearing loss, earache, tinnitus (a ringing or buzzing sound in the ear), dizziness and a feeling of fullness in the ear.

If earwax is causing a blockage, it is important to see a doctor to have it removed. The doctor may use a variety of methods to do this, including:

Syringing the ear canal with warm water

Using suction to remove the earwax

Using ear drops to soften the earwax and allow it to drain

Inserting a small wire loop into the ear canal to remove the earwax

It is important to avoid using cotton swabs or other objects to remove earwax, as this can push the earwax further into the ear canal and make the problem worse.