Nephromegaly: Causes, Symptoms, and Understanding Kidney Enlargement

Definition

Nephromegaly = abnormal enlargement of one or both kidneys.

Causes

• Polycystic kidney disease: Genetic, multiple cysts enlarge kidneys, impair function.
• Hydronephrosis: Urine backup from obstruction (stone, ureteral stricture).
• Chronic kidney disease: Progressive loss of function, kidneys may enlarge.
• Kidney tumors: Benign or malignant.
• Systemic diseases: Diabetes, lupus, amyloidosis.

Symptoms (if present)

• Back/flank pain
• Abdominal pain/swelling
• Frequent/difficult urination
• Hypertension
• Anemia, fatigue, appetite loss, nausea/vomiting

Action

If symptoms occur, see a doctor for evaluation. Early diagnosis/treatment of underlying cause preserves kidney function.