Pulmonary Function Tests: Spirometry and Beyond

Spirometry (Core PFT)

• FEV₁: Forced expiratory volume in 1 second.
• FVC: Forced vital capacity.
• FEV₁/FVC ratio: Diagnoses obstruction (<0.7) vs. restriction.

Additional PFTs

• Body plethysmography: Lung volumes (TLC, RV), airway resistance.
• DLCO: Gas diffusion capacity (emphysema, fibrosis, vascular disease).
• Arterial blood gas (ABG): PaO₂, PaCO₂, pH.

Clinical Use

Diagnose/monitor asthma, COPD, interstitial lung disease, preoperative assessment. Serial testing tracks progression and treatment response.