Bad Breath (Halitosis): Causes and Solutions
Halitosis origins:
- Oral (85–90%): Tongue coating, gingivitis/periodontitis, caries, dry mouth, poor hygiene.
- ENT: Sinusitis, post-nasal drip, tonsilloliths.
- GI: GERD, H. pylori, Zenker’s diverticulum.
- Systemic: Diabetes (ketotic), uremia, hepatic failure.
- Dietary: Garlic, onions, coffee, alcohol, ketogenic diet.
Management
- Tongue scraping, flossing, chlorhexidine/essential oil mouthrinse
- Hydration, sugar-free gum (xylitol)
- Treat underlying dental/medical condition
- Dental cleaning q6mo
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