Understanding Loss of Smell and Taste: Common Causes and When to See a Doctor

Common Causes

• Sinus infection: Congestion blocks airflow to olfactory receptors.
• COVID-19: Damages supporting cells; usually temporary (months).
• Allergies: Nasal blockage from hay fever, especially peak season.
• Dry air: Airplanes, heated indoors, anticholinergic meds (antihistamines).
• Head injuries: Olfactory nerve damage.
• Medications: Antibiotics, chemo, NSAIDs (aspirin/ibuprofen), oral steroids.
• Chronic conditions: Diabetes, HIV/AIDS, neurological disorders.

When to See a Doctor

• Symptoms >1 week
• Interferes with daily life
• Sudden, severe loss
• Accompanied by fever, headache, sinus pain